Rapid Upcycling of Microplastics into Graphene Achieved

Hello and welcome to Sunday’s STEAM newsletter.

In today’s edition:

• Science - Rapid Upcycling of Microplastics into Graphene Achieved, Chemists Achieve Breakthrough in Upscaling a Common Reagent for Industrial Applications, World's First Micromachine Manipulates 2D Materials with Precision, and more.

• Technology and AI - Breakthrough DNA Tech Combines Data Storage and Computing, AI "Scientist" Set to Revolutionize Research Output, and more.

• Engineering - Nanotechnology Advances with Special Micro-Crystals for Enhanced Device Performance, and more.

• Astronomy & Space - Scientists Confirm the Moon's Inner Composition.

• Health & Medicine - Innovative Biodegradable Electrode for Minimally Invasive Brain Monitoring, and more.

• Environment - Heat-Related Deaths in Europe Could Triple by 2100 Under Current Climate Policies, and more.

• Nature - Human Impact Drives Bird Species Extinction in Europe, French Beekeepers Face Catastrophic Year as Bees Starve, and more.

• Industry - NASA Extends Astronauts' Mission Due to Boeing Capsule Issues, Massachusetts Towns Close Parks Due to Deadly Mosquito-Borne Virus.

• World - Nigeria's Rage Rooms Offer Unique Stress Relief.

Until Tomorrow.

~The STEAM Digest

If you’d like to see more of this or if you want to share with others, please use the following link: https://thesteamdigest.beehiiv.com/subscribe

This newsletter is curated by The STEAM Digest.

SCIENCE

Rapid Upcycling of Microplastics into Graphene Achieved: Scientists at James Cook University have developed a breakthrough method to upcycle microplastics into graphene using an Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma (APMP) technique. This process converts microplastics into graphene within minutes, offering an efficient and environmentally friendly solution to the global microplastic pollution problem. The graphene produced has potential applications in various industries, including water purification and sensor manufacturing, marking a significant advancement in both waste management and material science.

Chemists Achieve Breakthrough in Upscaling a Common Reagent for Industrial Applications: Chemists at Caltech have successfully upscaled the samarium diiodide reagent, a versatile but previously impractical chemical for industrial use, by developing a method that allows the reagent to recycle itself within reactions. This breakthrough eliminates the need for large amounts of solvent and fresh preparations, paving the way for its application in industrial-scale chemical synthesis, including pharmaceuticals and nitrogen fixation processes.

World's First Micromachine Manipulates 2D Materials with Precision: Researchers at UC Berkeley have developed the world's first micromachine capable of twisting 2D materials, such as graphene, with extreme precision. The device, named MEGA2D, uses microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to control these nanometer-thick materials, enabling new discoveries in quantum physics and material science. This breakthrough could pave the way for advanced quantum technologies and better understanding of material properties

Stranded Student Helps Develop Synthetic Polymers to Fight Fungal Infections: A chemistry Ph.D. student stranded in Germany due to the pandemic contributed to the development of synthetic polymers with potential to combat resistant fungal infections. Collaborating with researchers from Leibniz-HKI, the team created polymers that effectively target Candida albicans, showing promise in laboratory tests. These polymers may offer a new treatment pathway, especially when used in combination with existing antifungal drugs, though further research is required before human trials.

'Chiral Vortex' of Light Revolutionizes Chirality Detection in Molecules: Researchers from King's College London and the Max Born Institute have developed a novel "chiral vortex" light structure that enhances the detection of molecular chirality. This method offers a more accurate and robust way to distinguish between right- and left-handed molecules, a crucial factor in pharmaceutical development. The technique has significant potential for improving drug safety and may also advance quantum computing by encoding data with molecular handedness.

Researchers Unveil Metasurfaces for Unprecedented Thermal Radiation Control: Researchers from the CUNY Advanced Science Research Center have demonstrated innovative metasurfaces that can control thermal radiation with unmatched precision. These metasurfaces, structured at the nanoscale, allow for the manipulation of light's properties, such as polarization and directionality, without external laser sources. This breakthrough opens new avenues for creating custom light sources, particularly useful in portable technologies and scientific applications.

Breakthrough Observation of Heaviest Antimatter to Enhance Dark Matter Research: Physicists at the Brookhaven National Laboratory have observed the heaviest antimatter nucleus ever detected, known as antihyperhydrogen-4, during high-speed collisions of heavy elements. This discovery, involving exotic particles called antihypernuclei, is crucial for refining models used in dark matter searches. The findings could improve our understanding of the universe's antimatter and its elusive counterpart, dark matter.

TECHNOLOGY AND AI

Breakthrough DNA Tech Combines Data Storage and Computing: Researchers at North Carolina State University and Johns Hopkins University have developed the first DNA technology capable of performing both data storage and computing functions. This "primordial DNA store and compute engine" can store, retrieve, compute, erase, and rewrite data using DNA, overcoming previous limitations. The technology is capable of solving simple problems like sudoku and chess, and could store vast amounts of data securely for thousands of years.

AI "Scientist" Set to Revolutionize Research Output: A newly developed AI system, described as an "AI scientist," is poised to transform the research landscape by autonomously generating hypotheses, designing experiments, and analyzing data. This AI can potentially accelerate scientific discoveries in various fields by handling repetitive and time-consuming tasks, allowing human researchers to focus on more complex aspects of research. The AI is expected to begin producing research shortly, raising both excitement and ethical considerations within the scientific community.

DNA Computer Capable of Playing Chess and Solving Sudoku: Scientists have developed a DNA-based computer that can play chess and solve Sudoku puzzles. This innovative approach leverages the unique properties of DNA to perform complex computations, showcasing the potential of molecular computing. The DNA computer operates differently from traditional computers, using biochemical reactions to process information. This advancement could lead to new types of computing systems with applications in various fields, including biotechnology and medicine.

Advancements in Quantum Factoring with Smaller, Noise-Tolerant Algorithms: Researchers have developed a smaller, more noise-tolerant quantum algorithm for factoring large numbers, a key challenge in cryptography. This new approach enhances quantum computers' ability to solve problems that are difficult for classical computers, making strides toward practical quantum computing. The algorithm's efficiency and reduced error susceptibility mark significant progress in quantum technology, potentially impacting secure communications and other fields reliant on complex computations.

ENGINEERING

Nanotechnology Advances with Special Micro-Crystals for Enhanced Device Performance: Researchers have developed special micro-crystals using nanotechnology, offering potential improvements in electronic devices. These crystals can be precisely controlled at the nanoscale, enabling more efficient energy storage, better sensors, and advanced communication technologies. The breakthrough could lead to significant advancements in the miniaturization and functionality of next-generation devices.

Neolithic Engineers' Advanced Knowledge Revealed in Megalith Construction: Recent research reveals that Neolithic engineers used sophisticated scientific knowledge to construct massive megalithic structures. These ancient builders employed precise techniques and understanding of materials, suggesting a level of scientific and engineering expertise far beyond what was previously assumed. The study highlights the ingenuity of prehistoric societies and challenges our understanding of their capabilities.

Ancient Stone Monument Reveals Advanced Engineering Skills: Archaeologists have uncovered a 6,000-year-old stone monument in Oman that demonstrates remarkable Stone Age engineering. The structure, likely built for ceremonial purposes, includes intricate stone arrangements and shows sophisticated construction techniques for its time. This discovery highlights the advanced capabilities of Neolithic societies in the Arabian Peninsula, challenging previous assumptions about their technological and architectural knowledge.

ASTRONOMY & SPACE

Scientists Confirm the Moon's Inner Composition: Scientists have confirmed that the Moon has a solid iron-nickel core, surrounded by a liquid outer layer and a partially molten zone. This discovery, made using seismic data and computer models, aligns with theories of the Moon's formation from a giant impact. The core's composition and structure provide crucial insights into the Moon's thermal and magnetic history, helping to refine models of its evolution and the early solar system.

HEALTH & MEDICINE

Innovative Biodegradable Electrode for Minimally Invasive Brain Monitoring: Researchers from Seoul National University have developed a biodegradable, self-deployable electrode designed for minimally invasive brain signal monitoring. The electrode, which can be inserted using a syringe, dissolves naturally within the body after use, eliminating the need for removal surgery. This technology shows promise for diagnosing epilepsy, advancing brain-computer interfaces, and reducing surgical risks in brain-related treatments.

Advances in Speech Brain-Computer Interfaces for ALS Patients: Researchers at the University of California, Davis, have developed a speech brain-computer interface that allows people with ALS to communicate using just their thoughts. The system records brain signals from the speech motor cortex and translates them into text with over 97% accuracy, thanks to advanced AI models. This breakthrough represents a significant advancement in restoring communication abilities for individuals who have lost the ability to speak due to neurological conditions.

Wearable Sensors to Monitor Heat Stress Raise Privacy Concerns: New wearable sensors that monitor sweat and predict overheating are being used to protect workers from heat-related illnesses. However, privacy advocates are concerned about how the sensitive data collected could be misused by employers, potentially leading to discrimination or unwarranted surveillance. While these devices are designed to improve safety, there is a growing debate over the need for strict regulations to protect workers' rights.

Faulty Cells in the Aging Body Linked to Various Diseases: Researchers have uncovered how malfunctioning senescent cells, which accumulate as the body ages, contribute to diseases like cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. These cells release harmful substances that damage surrounding tissues and trigger inflammation, accelerating aging and disease. The study highlights the importance of targeting these cells to potentially slow down or prevent age-related diseases.

Innovative Approach to Cannabis Research and Treatment: Researchers have developed a new method for studying and utilizing cannabis that could enhance our understanding of its medical benefits and potential risks. This approach may involve advanced techniques in extraction, formulation, or delivery systems to more effectively harness the therapeutic properties of cannabis while minimizing adverse effects. The breakthrough could pave the way for improved treatments for various conditions such as chronic pain, epilepsy, and anxiety disorders, and contribute to more informed policies and regulations surrounding cannabis use.

Telehealth Effective for IBD Management: A study has demonstrated that televisits are a viable and effective alternative to in-person outpatient visits for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The research found that remote consultations can maintain or improve patient outcomes, providing a convenient option for ongoing care. This approach is particularly beneficial for chronic conditions like IBD, where regular monitoring is crucial, potentially reducing the need for frequent physical visits without compromising care quality.

ENVIRONMENT

Heat-Related Deaths in Europe Could Triple by 2100 Under Current Climate Policies: A study published in The Lancet Public Health suggests that if current climate policies remain unchanged, heat-related deaths in Europe could triple by the end of the century. The research highlights that southern Europe will be particularly affected, with the elderly being the most vulnerable. While cold-related deaths are expected to decrease slightly, the overall mortality from temperature extremes is projected to increase significantly.

Warmer, Rainier Winter Storms Expected for Great Lakes Region: A new study forecasts that winter storms in the Great Lakes region will become warmer and wetter due to climate change. The analysis, which spans decades of data, shows that midlatitude cyclones are increasingly carrying warmer air and more moisture, leading to a higher likelihood of rain and reduced snow, particularly in southern areas. This shift could result in more frequent flooding and hazardous travel conditions during winter months.

Addressing the Environmental Impact of Hematology Care: A Call to Action: A study in The Lancet Hematology exposes the significant environmental footprint of hematology care, particularly through carbon emissions from blood transfusions and related practices. The research advocates for the adoption of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods to quantify and reduce these impacts. Key results emphasize the need for integrating sustainability into clinical decision-making to minimize healthcare's contribution to climate change, highlighting the urgency for global health systems to adopt greener practices.

NATURE

Human Impact Drives Bird Species Extinction in Europe: A new study reveals that human activities have driven several bird species to extinction in Europe over the past few thousand years. These include the Dalmatian pelican, the great auk, and the large flightless bird known as the giant swan. The research highlights the loss of unique avian biodiversity due to habitat destruction, hunting, and environmental changes caused by humans. The findings underscore the importance of conservation efforts to protect remaining bird species and prevent further biodiversity loss in the region.

French Beekeepers Face Catastrophic Year as Bees Starve: French beekeepers are experiencing a disastrous year with honey production plummeting due to climate change and pesticide use. Bees are starving as extreme weather patterns have led to a lack of flowering plants, essential for their survival. The crisis is threatening the livelihoods of beekeepers and the future of bee populations in France, highlighting the urgent need for

South Africa Plans to Eradicate Invasive Mice to Save Endangered Albatrosses: South Africa is planning a large-scale operation in 2027 to eradicate invasive mice on Marion Island, where the rodents are endangering 19 seabird species, including albatrosses, by eating them alive. The operation involves dropping pesticide-laced pellets across the island to eliminate the mice, whose population has surged due to climate change. This intervention is critical to preserving the island's unique bird species.

Bonobos Chimpanzee Reveal Ancient Origins of the 'Common Enemy Effect': Researchers from Kyoto University have found evidence suggesting that bonobos chimpanzee exhibit a moderated version of the "common enemy effect," a behavior where group cohesion increases in the face of external threats. The study indicates that this behavior may have originated millions of years ago, predating the evolutionary split between humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos. Unlike other species, bonobos do not engage in lethal aggression, offering insights into the potential for overcoming group conflict.

Dinosaur Footprints Discovered on Both Sides of the Atlantic Reveal Ancient Land Connection: Paleontologists have discovered matching dinosaur footprints in Brazil and Cameroon, providing evidence that these regions were once connected as part of the supercontinent Gondwana. The footprints, dating back 120 million years, show that land-dwelling dinosaurs roamed across what is now the South Atlantic Ocean. This discovery sheds light on the ancient connections between South America and Africa before the continents drifted apart.

INDUSTRY

NASA Extends Astronauts' Mission Due to Boeing Capsule Issues: NASA has decided to keep astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams on the International Space Station until February 2024 due to safety concerns with Boeing's Starliner capsule. Initially intended for a brief test flight, the astronauts will now return on a SpaceX capsule after issues with Starliner's thrusters and helium leaks made it unsafe for their return journey.

Massachusetts Towns Close Parks Due to Deadly Mosquito-Borne Virus: Massachusetts is taking precautions after a man in his 80s contracted Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), a rare but deadly mosquito-borne virus. Plymouth has closed public outdoor facilities from dusk until dawn, while four other towns are urging residents to avoid evening activities. The virus, which has no vaccine or treatment, is particularly dangerous, with a 30% mortality rate. Residents are advised to use mosquito repellents and avoid peak mosquito biting times.

WORLD

Nigeria's Rage Rooms Offer Unique Stress Relief: In Nigeria, "rage rooms" have emerged as a novel way to manage stress, allowing people to vent their frustrations by smashing objects like TVs and glassware with sledgehammers. These spaces provide a safe outlet for pent-up emotions, particularly in a country where economic and social pressures are high. While unconventional, these rooms are gaining popularity as a therapeutic tool to combat stress and anxiety.