Orangutan Uses Plant Medicine to Treat Wound

Hello and welcome to Sunday’s STEAM newsletter.

In today’s edition:

• Science - New Insights into Titanium Behavior for Nuclear Applications, and more.

• Technology and AI - AI Predicts Ship-Sinking Freak Waves, Laser Tech to Identify Illegal Elephant Ivory, and more.

• Engineering - Breakthrough in Stretchable Electronics, New Material for Small Electronics Promises Longer Battery Life, and more.

• Astronomy & Space - Dark Comets Could Be Majority of Near-Earth Objects, Extreme Plant Could Thrive on Mars, Scientists Say.

• Health & Medicine - Blood-Based Infrared Spectroscopy for Health Screening, and more.

• Environment - New Tool Predicts Rogue Waves Minutes in Advance:, Oyster Sanctuaries Guide Ecological Restoration in Chesapeake Bay, and more.

• Nature - Orangutan Uses Plant Medicine to Treat Wound, Animals Change Social Habits with Age: Insights from Macaques, Deer, and Sheep, and more.

• Industry - Google to Use AI for US Broadcast of Paris Olympics, US Court Allows Power Plant Emissions Rule to Stand Amid State Challenges, and more.

• World - Ukraine Accelerates Development of AI-Enabled War Drones, Singapore's Maritime Decarbonisation Centre Completes Final Marine Biofuels Trial, and more.

Until Tomorrow,

~The STEAM Digest

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This newsletter is curated by The STEAM Digest.

SCIENCE

New Insights into Titanium Behavior for Nuclear Applications: Researchers found that titanium exhibits unique structural changes when exposed to radiation at varying atomic scales. In nuclear environments, titanium's atomic structure adapts differently depending on the distance from the radiation source, impacting its mechanical properties. This behavior is critical for designing titanium-based materials that can endure radiation damage, enhancing their durability and performance in nuclear reactors. The findings provide essential data for developing advanced materials for safer and more efficient nuclear energy systems.

Atomically Thin Transducers Could Enable New Applications: Researchers have developed atomically thin transducers capable of converting energy from one form to another at a microscopic scale. These devices, made from 2D materials, have potential applications in fields such as medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and energy harvesting. Their ultra-thin structure allows for integration into flexible electronics, paving the way for innovative technological advancements.

Chemists Develop Stable Reagent for Single Carbon Atom Insertion: Chemists have created a stable reagent capable of inserting a single carbon atom into organic molecules. This breakthrough enables precise modifications in chemical synthesis, potentially transforming pharmaceutical and material sciences. The reagent's stability and efficiency simplify the process of adding carbon atoms, enhancing the development of complex molecules and new materials.

Atomically Thin MXenes Enable Effective Green Hydrogen Production: Researchers have developed a new method using atomically thin materials called MXenes to enhance the production of green hydrogen. These materials exhibit excellent catalytic properties, making the hydrogen production process more efficient and cost-effective. This breakthrough could significantly advance the adoption of green hydrogen as a clean energy source, promoting sustainable energy solutions and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.

TECHNOLOGY AND AI

AI Predicts Ship-Sinking Freak Waves: Scientists have developed an AI system capable of predicting the occurrence of freak waves, which are large, unexpected waves that can pose serious threats to ships. This AI model analyzes patterns in ocean data to identify conditions likely to produce these dangerous waves, potentially giving mariners crucial advance warnings. The technology could enhance maritime safety by providing timely alerts to prevent ship sinkings caused by these unpredictable waves.

Laser Tech to Identify Illegal Elephant Ivory: Researchers have developed a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique to identify illegal elephant ivory. This process involves firing a laser at the ivory, creating a plasma that emits light. By analyzing the light spectrum, scientists can determine the unique chemical composition of the ivory. This method provides a quick, non-destructive way to distinguish ivory from other materials, aiding law enforcement in combating wildlife trafficking and verifying the authenticity of ivory.

AI Predicts Rare Bioluminescent Milky Seas: Scientists have developed an AI model that can predict the occurrence of rare bioluminescent phenomena known as "milky seas." These events, where vast stretches of ocean glow brightly at night, are caused by bioluminescent bacteria. The AI analyzes satellite data to detect these elusive events, offering new opportunities for studying marine ecosystems and the organisms responsible for this natural spectacle.

OpenAI Unveils Cheaper Small AI Model GPT-4o Mini: OpenAI has introduced GPT-4o Mini, a smaller and more affordable version of its powerful AI language model. This new model aims to provide businesses and developers with cost-effective access to advanced AI capabilities, facilitating wider adoption and integration into various applications. GPT-4o Mini retains much of the functionality of its larger counterparts while being optimized for efficiency and affordability.

AI-Enhanced Cartography Tools from Satellite Data: Researchers are leveraging artificial intelligence to improve cartography tools using satellite data. This advancement allows for more accurate and detailed mapping of the Earth's surface. The AI algorithms can process vast amounts of satellite imagery, identifying and categorizing features with greater precision than traditional methods. These enhanced tools have potential applications in urban planning, disaster response, and environmental monitoring.

ENGINEERING

Breakthrough in Stretchable Electronics: Researchers have developed innovative stretchable electronics that maintain functionality even when stretched or flexed. This advancement, involving materials like liquid metals and flexible substrates, opens up new possibilities for wearable technology, biomedical devices, and soft robotics. The technology promises to improve the durability and versatility of electronic devices, allowing them to conform to various shapes and movements.

New Material for Small Electronics Promises Longer Battery Life: Researchers have developed a new material that enhances the performance and longevity of batteries in small electronic devices. This material improves energy density and stability, potentially leading to longer-lasting batteries for gadgets such as smartphones, wearables, and other portable electronics. The innovation could significantly impact the efficiency and lifespan of future electronic devices.

Scientists Develop Innovative Carbon Capture Method: Researchers have created a novel carbon capture method involving a new material and process that efficiently captures and converts carbon dioxide. This approach uses a specialized absorbent that binds with CO₂ at a molecular level, allowing for high capture rates. The captured CO₂ is then converted into useful products, making the process both environmentally and economically viable. This breakthrough aims to facilitate the widespread adoption of carbon capture technologies, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Free 3D Datasets to Enable Advanced Analysis: Researchers have released free 3D datasets to facilitate advanced analysis and research in various fields. These datasets include detailed 3D models and spatial data, which can be used for applications in urban planning, environmental monitoring, and more. By providing open access to these resources, the initiative aims to accelerate innovation and development in technologies that rely on precise spatial information.

OptoGPT: Revolutionizing Solar Cells and Smart Windows with AI: Researchers have introduced OptoGPT, an AI tool designed to optimize the performance of solar cells and smart windows. This advanced technology leverages machine learning to analyze and enhance the optical properties of materials used in these devices. By fine-tuning the materials' properties, OptoGPT aims to improve energy efficiency and functionality, paving the way for smarter, more sustainable energy solutions.

ASTRONOMY & SPACE

Dark Comets Could Be Majority of Near-Earth Objects: A new hypothesis suggests that dark comets, which are difficult to detect due to their low reflectivity, may constitute the majority of near-Earth objects (NEOs). These dark comets, covered in a layer of organic material and space dust, absorb most sunlight, making them hard to spot with traditional telescopes. Understanding the prevalence of dark comets is crucial for assessing potential impact threats and improving our planetary defense strategies.

Extreme Plant Could Thrive on Mars, Scientists Say: Researchers have identified a plant so resilient that it might be capable of thriving on Mars. The plant, Sphaerospora leipolitana, known for its ability to survive in extreme environments, can withstand high levels of radiation, drought, and temperature fluctuations. These characteristics make it a prime candidate for future space colonization efforts, where robust life forms will be essential for sustaining human life in harsh extraterrestrial conditions.

HEALTH & MEDICINE

Blood-Based Infrared Spectroscopy for Health Screening: Researchers are developing an innovative health screening method using blood-based infrared spectroscopy. This technique can rapidly and non-invasively identify various health conditions by analyzing blood samples. The method offers a promising alternative to traditional diagnostic tools, potentially enabling earlier detection of diseases and improving patient outcomes through quick and accurate health assessments.

Survey Reveals High Manganese Exposure in Australian Welders: A survey of Australian welders highlights significant exposure to manganese fumes, posing health risks. Manganese, a common component in welding materials, can lead to neurological issues when inhaled over long periods. The findings call for enhanced safety measures and monitoring to protect welders from potential manganese toxicity, emphasizing the need for improved workplace health standards.

Psilocybin's Impact on Brain Networks: Psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, has been shown to alter brain network connectivity. Research indicates that psilocybin disrupts the default mode network (DMN) and enhances connectivity between different brain regions. This effect may explain the profound changes in perception and cognition experienced during a psilocybin trip. Understanding these changes could inform treatments for mental health conditions like depression and PTSD.

ENVIRONMENT

New Tool Predicts Rogue Waves Minutes in Advance: Researchers have developed a tool that can predict rogue waves, large and unexpected ocean waves, several minutes before they occur. The tool uses machine learning algorithms to analyze real-time data from oceanic sensors, providing early warnings to ships and offshore platforms. This advancement could significantly enhance maritime safety by allowing timely evasive actions to avoid potentially catastrophic incidents caused by these dangerous waves.

Oyster Sanctuaries Guide Ecological Restoration in Chesapeake Bay: Oyster sanctuaries in Chesapeake Bay serve as biological beacons, helping guide ecological restoration efforts. These sanctuaries, established to revive oyster populations, improve water quality and provide habitats for marine life. Oysters filter water by removing algae, sediment, and pollutants, which enhances water clarity and quality. This filtration process allows more sunlight to reach underwater plants, promoting their growth and providing habitat for marine life. Researchers monitor the sanctuaries to understand oyster health, disease resistance, and environmental impacts. This knowledge aids in developing strategies to enhance oyster restoration and overall ecosystem health in the Bay.

Insect Infestation Ravages North African Crops: A severe insect infestation is devastating crops in North Africa, significantly impacting food security and local economies. The infestation, primarily affecting wheat and barley, is caused by the desert locust, which thrives in the region's climate conditions. Efforts are underway to control the outbreak, but challenges persist due to the scale and rapid spread of the insects.

Tijuana River Sewage Crisis: 30 Million Gallons a Year Spill: A major sewage spill has plagued the Tijuana River, with 30 million gallons of sewage entering annually. This crisis, triggered by infrastructure failures and insufficient maintenance, has caused significant environmental and health concerns in the surrounding regions, affecting both Mexico and the United States. The situation underscores the urgent need for cross-border cooperation and investment in wastewater management solutions to prevent further ecological damage.

Wildfires in East Canada Trigger Mass Evacuations: Severe wildfires in East Canada have led to widespread evacuations as thousands of residents are forced to flee their homes. The fires, fueled by dry conditions and strong winds, pose a significant threat to communities and natural landscapes. Authorities are working to contain the blazes, but the situation remains critical. The evacuations highlight the urgent need for disaster preparedness and effective response strategies in the face of escalating wildfire risks.

NATURE

Orangutan Uses Plant Medicine to Treat Wound: In a remarkable display of self-medication, an orangutan in Borneo was observed using a plant to treat a wound. The orangutan chewed leaves from the Dracaena cantleyi plant to create a lather, which it then applied to its injured arm. This behavior, rarely documented in wild animals, highlights the advanced cognitive abilities of orangutans and their knowledge of natural remedies.

Animals Change Social Habits with Age: Insights from Macaques, Deer, and Sheep: Research indicates that animals, including macaques, deer, and sheep, alter their social behaviors as they age. Older animals tend to prefer smaller social circles, focusing on familiar and reliable relationships. This shift mirrors human social patterns in later life, emphasizing the importance of strong, supportive connections. The study highlights the parallels between human and animal aging, offering insights into the evolutionary benefits of social bonding.

Genome Sequencing of the American Chestnut Tree: Researchers have successfully sequenced the genome of the American chestnut tree, providing valuable insights for its conservation and restoration. This milestone is crucial in efforts to combat chestnut blight, a fungal disease that has devastated the species. Understanding the genetic makeup of the American chestnut will enable scientists to develop blight-resistant trees, potentially restoring this once-dominant species to its native habitats across North America.

Protecting 1-2% of Earth's Land Could Prevent Mass Extinction: A new study suggests that safeguarding just 1-2% of Earth's land, specifically key biodiversity areas, could significantly prevent mass extinction. By focusing on regions that harbor high concentrations of threatened species, conservation efforts can effectively preserve global biodiversity. The researchers emphasize the urgent need for targeted protection measures to mitigate the accelerating loss of species worldwide.

INDUSTRY

Google to Use AI for US Broadcast of Paris Olympics: Google plans to implement artificial intelligence technology to enhance the broadcast coverage of the Paris Olympics in the United States. This initiative will leverage AI to provide improved viewing experiences, including advanced video analysis, personalized content, and real-time data insights. The integration of AI aims to offer a more engaging and tailored experience for viewers, showcasing the capabilities of modern technology in sports broadcasting.

Shipping Giant CMA CGM Signs AI Deal with Google: French shipping company CMA CGM has entered into an agreement with Google Cloud to integrate artificial intelligence into its operations. The collaboration aims to enhance efficiency, optimize shipping routes, and improve customer service through advanced data analytics and AI-driven insights. This partnership reflects the growing trend of incorporating AI technologies in the maritime industry to streamline processes and boost operational performance.

Big Tech Faces Increased Scrutiny Over AI Practices: Big tech companies are under heightened scrutiny for their AI practices amid rapid advancements in artificial intelligence. Concerns include data privacy, ethical implications, and potential biases in AI systems. Regulators and policymakers are calling for stricter oversight and transparency to ensure responsible AI development and deployment, aiming to mitigate risks associated with these powerful technologies.

US Court Allows Power Plant Emissions Rule to Stand Amid State Challenges: A US federal court has decided not to block the Biden administration's power plant emissions rule, despite legal challenges from Republican-led states and coal companies. The rule, which targets significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from power plants, will remain in effect as the court considers the broader lawsuit. The decision represents a win for the administration's climate agenda, aiming to address climate change and promote cleaner energy sources.

WORLD

Huge Surge in Mpox Cases in DR Congo: The Democratic Republic of the Congo is experiencing a significant rise in mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) cases. Health authorities report thousands of new infections, stressing the need for urgent medical and logistical support. This outbreak highlights ongoing challenges in controlling the spread of the virus in regions with limited healthcare resources.

Ukraine Accelerates Development of AI-Enabled War Drones: Ukraine is rapidly advancing its development of AI-enabled drones to enhance its military capabilities against Russian forces. The initiative focuses on creating autonomous systems for reconnaissance, targeting, and attack missions. This push for AI integration into military technology aims to improve efficiency and effectiveness on the battlefield, leveraging advanced algorithms and machine learning to gain a strategic edge.

Over 40 Japanese Companies Have No Plans to Adopt AI: A recent survey reveals that more than 40 Japanese companies, including some major firms, have no plans to integrate artificial intelligence into their operations. This reluctance to adopt AI technology contrasts sharply with global trends, where businesses increasingly leverage AI for efficiency and innovation. The findings highlight a potential competitive disadvantage for these companies in the rapidly evolving technological landscape.

UK Government to Regulate Powerful AI Models: The UK government plans to introduce regulations for the most powerful AI models to ensure safety and ethical use. This initiative aims to address risks associated with advanced AI technologies, such as deep learning and large language models. The proposed regulations will likely focus on transparency, accountability, and the prevention of misuse, aligning with global efforts to manage the rapid advancements in AI.

Singapore's Maritime Decarbonisation Centre Completes Final Marine Biofuels Trial: Singapore's Global Centre for Maritime Decarbonisation (GCMD) has successfully completed its final trial of marine biofuels, aiming to reduce the shipping industry's carbon footprint. The trial, involving various stakeholders, tested the efficacy and sustainability of biofuels in maritime operations. This initiative is part of Singapore's broader efforts to promote cleaner energy sources and achieve its decarbonization goals for the maritime sector.