New Glassy Gel Rivals Plastic in Toughness and Stretchability

Hello and welcome to Wednesday’s newsletter.

In today’s edition:

• Science - New Glassy Gel Rivals Plastic in Toughness and Stretchability, Some Metals Become Stronger When Heated, Defying Conventional Wisdom, and more.

• Technology and AI - AI and 3D Printing Revolutionize Agriculture, AI Copilots: The Future of Air Combat, and more.

• Engineering - Advanced Gyroscope Enhances Volcano Monitoring and Earthquake Detection, and more.

• Mathematics - Game Theory Reveals Limits in Learning from Mistakes, Real-World Validation of Pythagoras's Theorem Excites Mathematicians.

• Health & Medicine - Colombian Family's Genes Offer Clues to Delaying Alzheimer's, Genetic Insights Reveal Why Some People Seem Immune to COVID-19, and more.

• Environment - Scientists Analyze Record Storm Surges to Predict Future Flooding, EPA Lowers Screening Level for Lead in Soil: Implications for U.S. Households, and more.

• Nature - Rare Corpse Flower Blooms at Kew Gardens, Emitting Foul Stench, Chatty Hikers Cause More Wildlife Disturbance Than Vehicles.

• Industry - Onsemi to Invest $2 Billion in Czech Semiconductor Plant Expansion, and more.

• World - India and China to Offer Cheaper Versions of Obesity Drugs, and more.

Happy Reading,

~The STEAM Digest

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This newsletter is curated by The STEAM Digest.

SCIENCE

New Glassy Gel Rivals Plastic in Toughness and Stretchability: Researchers have developed a groundbreaking glassy gel that combines the hardness of plastic with exceptional elasticity, capable of stretching up to seven times its original length. This innovative material is created by blending two common polymers, polyacrylamide and alginate, resulting in a complex network of crosslinked chains that reinforce each other. The gel's unique structure allows it to maintain its integrity and recover its shape after being stretched, making it highly durable and versatile for various applications, including artificial cartilage, soft robotics, and protective coverings.

Some Metals Become Stronger When Heated, Defying Conventional Wisdom: Recent research by MIT engineers has revealed that certain metals, such as copper, gold, and titanium, become stronger when heated, a surprising phenomenon that challenges the conventional belief that heat typically softens metals. This discovery was made by bombarding heated metal samples with microscopic particles and analyzing the resulting impacts. For instance, copper increased in strength by about 30% when its temperature was raised to 157°C. This counterintuitive finding suggests potential applications in industries such as aerospace and manufacturing, where tougher materials are desirable.

Titan's Strong Winds Erode Coastlines and Lakes: Researchers have discovered that Titan, Saturn's largest moon, experiences strong winds capable of eroding its coastlines and reshaping its lakes. This finding enhances our understanding of Titan's dynamic environment and surface processes. The study, using data from the Cassini mission, highlights the significant impact of wind-driven erosion on Titan's landscape, similar to Earth’s natural processes but in an alien setting.

TECHNOLOGY AND AI

AI and 3D Printing Revolutionize Agriculture: AI and 3D printing are transforming agriculture by enhancing crop breeding and management. Researchers use laser scanning to create detailed 3D models of plants, like sugar beets, which are then printed for field use. These models help in precise plant phenotyping, allowing for better trait selection and crop improvement. The availability of printable 3D models democratizes access to advanced agricultural tools, potentially benefiting resource-poor regions and enhancing global food security.

AI Copilots: The Future of Air Combat: AI copilots, like the Virtual Intelligent Peer-Reasoning agent (VIPR) developed by Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, are set to revolutionize air combat by enhancing human pilots' decision-making capabilities. VIPR acts as a situationally-aware peer and cognitive support assistant, capable of tracking pilot intentions and adversary threats in real-time. This advanced AI leverages breakthroughs in machine learning to augment human performance, aiming for seamless human-AI collaboration in future military operations.

ENGINEERING

Advanced Gyroscope Enhances Volcano Monitoring and Earthquake Detection: A groundbreaking gyroscope, developed by scientists, offers unprecedented precision in monitoring volcanic activity and detecting earthquakes. This device, sensitive enough to detect minute ground movements, promises to enhance our understanding of seismic activity and improve early warning systems. The gyroscope's ability to measure rotational movements of the Earth could unlock new insights into the mechanics of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, potentially saving lives by providing more accurate and timely alerts.

Caffeine Identified as Marker for Wastewater Leaks in Storm Drains: Researchers have discovered that caffeine can serve as an effective marker for detecting wastewater leaks in storm drains. The presence of caffeine in water samples indicates contamination from human activities, providing a straightforward and cost-effective method for identifying and addressing leaks in urban drainage systems. This approach can help improve water quality and mitigate environmental impacts.

Breakthrough in Wireless Charging: 270-kW Transfer Achieved for Electric Vehicles: Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have demonstrated a groundbreaking 270-kW wireless power transfer to a Porsche Taycan, marking the highest power level achieved for a light-duty electric vehicle. This innovative polyphase system, developed in collaboration with Volkswagen, uses lightweight electromagnetic coils to enable efficient and rapid charging. The achievement promises to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles by providing a fast, convenient charging solution, significantly reducing the time required for a full charge.

New Soft Robotic Gripper Uses Graphene and Liquid Crystals for Surgical Precision: Researchers from Eindhoven University of Technology have developed a soft robotic gripper made from graphene and liquid crystals. This innovative design, which can safely operate in water-rich environments like the human body, aims to enhance surgical precision. The gripper features four deformable "fingers" controlled by liquid crystal network (LCN) actuators activated by heat through graphene elements. This breakthrough could lead to advanced surgical robots capable of delicate operations.

MATHEMATICS

Game Theory Reveals Limits in Learning from Mistakes: A recent analysis using game theory has demonstrated that individuals may never become perfect decision-makers, even when they learn from past mistakes. This finding challenges the conventional economic assumption that people can optimize their performance through experience. The study simulated a large economy using a mathematical game and found that, despite learning from previous errors, individuals rarely achieve optimal decision-making. This suggests a need to rethink some fundamental economic theories that assume rational learning and performance optimization over time.

Real-World Validation of Pythagoras's Theorem Excites Mathematicians: A practical example of Pythagoras's theorem has been observed in nature, providing a real-world validation of this fundamental mathematical principle. The observation was made by Katie Steckles, who reported witnessing the theorem in action while building a flat-pack wardrobe. This instance serves as a powerful demonstration of how the theorem, which relates the sides of a right triangle, applies to everyday situations, underscoring its relevance and importance in both education and practical applications.

HEALTH & MEDICINE

Colombian Family's Genes Offer Clues to Delaying Alzheimer's: Researchers have discovered a Colombian family with a genetic mutation that delays the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Despite carrying a gene associated with early-onset Alzheimer's, some family members develop symptoms much later due to a rare mutation in another gene, RELN. This finding could lead to new treatments and preventative strategies for Alzheimer's by targeting similar pathways.

Genetic Insights Reveal Why Some People Seem Immune to COVID-19: New research has uncovered why certain individuals appear immune to COVID-19 despite repeated exposures. The studies indicate that specific genetic mutations might prevent the virus from binding to cells, thus stopping the infection. These findings come from research involving frontline health workers and people who had close contact with infected individuals but did not contract the virus. The key discovery involves mutations in genes that produce the ACE2 receptor, crucial for viral entry into cells. This research could pave the way for developing new treatments and preventive measures against COVID-19.

Walking Proven to Alleviate and Prevent Lower Back Pain: Regular walking has been shown to be effective in preventing and alleviating lower back pain. Studies indicate that walking strengthens the muscles that support the spine, enhances flexibility, improves posture, and promotes spinal health by increasing fluid exchange in the spinal discs. Additionally, walking helps in maintaining a healthy weight, reducing strain on the back, and releasing endorphins, which are natural pain relievers. A consistent walking routine can thus significantly contribute to reducing the incidence and severity of lower back pain over time.

Plant-Based Diets Proven to Benefit Health and Environment: The largest study of its kind confirms that plant-based diets significantly improve both human health and environmental sustainability. The research shows that individuals following a diet rich in plants reduce their mortality risk by almost a third and significantly lower their food-related climate impact. This comprehensive study underscores the dual benefits of adopting plant-based diets, promoting better health outcomes and a reduced ecological footprint.

Space Travel's Impact on Astronauts' Eye Health Investigated: Researchers at Texas A&M University are studying how space travel affects astronauts' eye health. Led by Dr. Ana Diaz Artiles, the team is exploring Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS), which causes changes in eye shape and ocular symptoms due to fluid shifts in microgravity. The study focuses on countermeasures like lower body negative pressure to manage fluid distribution. The findings aim to improve health protocols for astronauts and commercial space travelers.

ENVIRONMENT

Scientists Analyze Record Storm Surges to Predict Future Flooding: Researchers from the University of Southampton have conducted a comprehensive spatial analysis of storm surges in the UK and Ireland. The study identifies the north of the Irish Sea as experiencing the longest and largest surges, while the southwest coast of England sees shorter and smaller surges. The analysis of data from 1980 to 2017 highlights significant surges in the winters of 1989/90 and 2013/14. These findings aim to improve flood prediction models and enhance preparedness for future coastal flooding events.

EPA Lowers Screening Level for Lead in Soil: Implications for U.S. Households: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has updated its guidelines for lead in residential soil, lowering the recommended screening level from 400 parts per million (ppm) to 200 ppm. In areas with multiple sources of lead exposure, the screening level is further reduced to 100 ppm. This change, announced on January 17, 2024, marks the first update in three decades and is part of the Biden-Harris administration's effort to enhance environmental justice and protect children's health.

Chernobyl Farmland Declared Safe for Agriculture After Decades: Farmland near the Chernobyl nuclear reactor, which suffered a catastrophic meltdown in 1986, has been declared safe for agricultural use. After extensive studies and environmental monitoring, radiation levels in certain areas have diminished sufficiently, allowing for the safe cultivation of crops. This marks a significant milestone in the recovery process, providing hope for the rehabilitation of other affected areas and the return of normalcy for displaced communities.

Understanding Laundry Habits for Sustainable Change: A study reveals that psychological factors like disgust sensitivity influence how often people do laundry, impacting environmental sustainability. Despite energy-efficient machines, increased laundry frequency negates environmental benefits. The research suggests that sustainability campaigns should focus on changing habits that generate laundry rather than directly reducing laundry frequency. Strategies could include normalizing re-wearing clothes and spot cleaning instead of frequent washing, addressing underlying motivations to foster pro-environmental behaviors.

Future of Food: Lab-Grown Burgers and Cricket Salads: A new report highlights the potential of lab-grown meats and insect-based foods like cricket salads to transform our diets. These alternative protein sources are gaining traction due to their environmental benefits and ability to address food security challenges. Lab-grown meat offers a sustainable solution by reducing the land and water usage associated with traditional livestock farming, while edible insects provide a high-protein, low-impact option. The report emphasizes the need for public acceptance and regulatory frameworks to integrate these innovations into mainstream consumption.

NATURE

Rare Corpse Flower Blooms at Kew Gardens, Emitting Foul Stench: A rare corpse flower, known for its strong odor resembling rotting flesh, has bloomed at Kew Gardens in London. This plant, also called titan arum, reached an impressive height of three meters. The flower, which only blooms for about 48 hours, emits a pungent smell to attract pollinators. Visitors experienced this unusual event in the Prince of Wales Conservatory.

Chatty Hikers Cause More Wildlife Disturbance Than Vehicles: A study in Wyoming has revealed that the noise from groups of chatty hikers causes more panic among wildlife than the sounds of off-road vehicles. Animals such as elk, deer, and black bears were found to be more likely to flee and remain vigilant for longer when exposed to human voices. The findings suggest that managing noise levels in outdoor recreational areas is crucial to minimize the impact on wildlife.

INDUSTRY

Onsemi to Invest $2 Billion in Czech Semiconductor Plant Expansion: US-based semiconductor company Onsemi announced a $2 billion investment to expand its manufacturing plant in the Czech Republic. This expansion is the largest investment in the country's modern history and aims to boost the semiconductor supply for the automotive and renewable energy sectors. The project will focus on producing intelligent power semiconductors essential for electric vehicles and AI data centers, enhancing the Czech Republic's position in the global semiconductor market.

Amazon to Invest €1 Billion in French Operations - Green Energy: Amazon has announced an additional investment of €1 billion in its French operations. This funding aims to expand its logistics network, including the construction of new warehouses and delivery stations, and to support sustainable initiatives. The investment underscores Amazon's commitment to enhancing its presence and service capabilities in France, promoting job creation, and bolstering green energy projects.

Billionaire Considers TikTok Takeover Amid Internet Wars: A billionaire is reportedly eyeing a takeover of TikTok, positioning the move as part of the broader battle for internet dominance. This potential acquisition reflects the increasing interest in controlling major social media platforms, which play a critical role in global communications and digital influence. The outcome could significantly impact the competitive landscape of social media and internet services.

WORLD

India and China to Offer Cheaper Versions of Obesity Drugs: Pharmaceutical companies in India and China are developing cheaper versions of popular anti-obesity drugs as patents expire. These biosimilars aim to provide affordable treatment options for the over one billion people worldwide who are overweight or obese. The introduction of these cost-effective drugs, such as biosimilars of semaglutide and liraglutide, is expected to increase access and potentially lower the prices of existing weight-loss medications.

Southern Africa Drought Crisis Demands Innovative Solutions: Southern Africa faces severe food insecurity as a result of the worst drought in decades, exacerbated by the El Niño climate pattern. Over 30 million people are affected, with countries like Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe declaring national disasters. UN agencies and governments emphasize the need for innovative solutions, including expanding irrigation and adopting climate-resilient agricultural practices. Immediate and long-term actions are crucial to prevent a large-scale humanitarian crisis and build resilience against future climate shocks.

Farmers and Tigers in the Himalayas: Rising Conflicts: In the Himalayas, the drying up of the Karnali River is increasing conflicts between farmers and tigers as the natural boundary fades. The river's decline threatens both local agriculture and wildlife habitats. Kshitiz Gautam's research aims to understand the river's changes and find practical solutions to restore balance, emphasizing the need for sustainable human intervention to protect both communities and tiger populations.