Bacteria-Repelling Coating Inspired by Flea Protein Could Prevent Medical Implant Infections

Hello and welcome to our June 9th edition. The STEAM Digest is a curated newsletter that brings you the latest in science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics.

In today’s edition:

• Physics - Scientists Discover Shape-Shifting Cobalt-70 Nuclei in Groundbreaking Nuclear Study.

• Chemistry - MIT’s Boltz-2 AI Revolutionizes Drug Discovery by Predicting Molecular Binding Strength, and more.

• Materials & Nanotechnology- Nickel Nanoparticles Offer Breakthrough for Clean Methane Production from CO₂, and more.

• Biotechnology & Biomedical Technology - Bacteria-Repelling Coating Inspired by Flea Protein Could Prevent Medical Implant Infections, and more.

• Engineering & Technology - Self-Powered CO₂ Monitoring System Uses Vibrations to Eliminate Batteries, and more.

• Robotics, AI, Hardware, Software, Gadgets - Infrared Light Beams Offer Fast, Efficient Alternative to Wi-Fi for Indoor Wireless, and more.

• Health & Medicine - Red Blood Cell Rupture, Not Clotting, Drives Microvascular Blockage in COVID-19, and more.

• Neuroscience - Reelin Identified as Key Regulator of Cocaine-Responsive Brain Cells, and more.

• Environment & Earth Sciences - Global Water Crisis Deepens as Emerging Contaminants Threaten Public Health, and more.

• Nature & Ecology - How Bats Resist Cancer: New Clues from Longevity Research, and more.

• Other Sciences & The Arts - First Fossilized Sauropod Gut Contents Confirm Herbivorous, Indiscriminate Diet.

Until Tomorrow,

~The STEAM Digest

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PHYSICS

Scientists Discover Shape-Shifting Cobalt-70 Nuclei in Groundbreaking Nuclear Study: A team at Michigan State University’s Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) has discovered that the exotic isotope cobalt-70 can exhibit both spherical and deformed nuclear shapes, depending on very small differences in energy levels—a rare example of shape coexistence. Using total absorption spectroscopy (TAS) and the SuN detector, researchers observed this dual behavior during the decay chain from iron-70 to cobalt-70 to nickel-70. The energy gap between the shapes is among the smallest ever recorded, providing a stringent test for nuclear models. The findings help illuminate how atomic nuclei behave in extreme conditions and could inform both nuclear structure theory and astrophysics research.

CHEMISTRY

MIT’s Boltz-2 AI Revolutionizes Drug Discovery by Predicting Molecular Binding Strength: MIT researchers have introduced Boltz-2, a powerful AI model that predicts not just how molecules fit together but how strongly they bind—a critical step in drug development. Unlike AlphaFold, which models structure, Boltz-2 also predicts binding affinity using millions of real-world measurements. Its accuracy rivals slow, physics-based simulations but runs over 1,000 times faster. This leap enables rapid screening of chemical libraries, accelerating early-stage drug discovery. Building on the widely used Boltz-1 model, Boltz-2 incorporates a broader dataset, motion simulations, and new tools for realism and user control. It is fully open-source and optimized for real-world pharmaceutical use.

Graphene-Based Coating Offers Sustainable Alternative to Plastics and PFAS in Food Packaging: Northwestern University researchers have developed a graphene oxide-based coating that renders paper food packaging water- and oil-resistant, boosting strength by up to 50% while remaining non-toxic, compostable, and recyclable. The material, now being commercialized by startup GO-Eco, outperforms current PFAS and plastic coatings in lab and industry-standard tests. Affordable and scalable, it offers a viable, eco-friendly solution amid growing regulatory pressure to eliminate harmful packaging materials. GO-Eco is now pursuing FDA approval and preparing for full-scale production trials.

Tufts Researchers Design 4-in-1 Weight-Loss Drug Targeting Long-Term Effectiveness: A Tufts University team has developed a next-generation obesity drug that targets four hormone receptors instead of the usual one to three, aiming for more effective, longer-lasting weight loss with fewer side effects. The new compound integrates GLP-1, GIP, glucagon, and peptide YY (PYY) functions into a single chimera, addressing appetite, energy use, glucose control, and fat metabolism. Early research suggests this tetra-functional candidate may approach the 30% weight-loss results of bariatric surgery while minimizing nausea and treatment dropout seen with drugs like Ozempic.

MATERIALS & NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nickel Nanoparticles Offer Breakthrough for Clean Methane Production from CO₂: A study by researchers reveals that the size and shape of nickel nanoparticles critically influence the efficiency of CO₂ methanation—a reaction that converts carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methane. By combining experimental results with atomistic simulations, the team resolved a long-standing debate on catalyst structure sensitivity, providing a blueprint for optimizing CO₂ reuse. The findings not only advance clean fuel production but also offer insights applicable to other catalytic processes like ammonia synthesis and Fischer–Tropsch reactions, supporting global energy transition efforts.

Scientists Create "World’s Smallest Violin" to Showcase Nanotech Potential:
Physicists at Loughborough University have crafted what may be the world's smallest violin—just 35 microns long—using cutting-edge nanolithography. Made from platinum, the tiny instrument was fabricated with the university’s new NanoFrazor system to demonstrate its capability in nanoscale engineering. Beyond this playful achievement, the technology is now powering advanced research into energy-efficient data processing and magnetic storage using heat gradients and quantum materials. The project underscores how nanoscale precision can drive innovations in computing, memory, and sustainable tech, while offering a humorous nod to a classic pop culture reference.

Penn State Researchers Create Edible, Biodegradable Nanofiber Mats from Milk Protein and Plant Cellulose: In a breakthrough for sustainable materials, Penn State scientists have developed electrospun nanofiber mats from milk protein casein and plant-derived hypromellose. The research demonstrates that these mats—1,000 times thinner than a human hair—form strongest at a 1:12 cellulose-to-casein ratio and can transform into clear, edible films under high humidity. This innovation opens the door to eco-friendly applications such as biodegradable food packaging, wound dressings, and filtration systems, offering a new use for casein in sustainable food and biomedical technologies.

Insects Used as Living Reactors to Build Complex Nanocarbons: A research team has pioneered a novel method called in-insect synthesis—using live caterpillars to chemically modify complex molecules like nanocarbons. By feeding tobacco cutworm larvae with a nanocarbon compound ([6]MCPP), researchers discovered the insects’ gut enzymes naturally converted it into a fluorescent molecule, [6]MCPP-oxylene. This rare transformation—difficult to replicate in labs—was facilitated by two specific enzymes identified through genetic and biochemical analyses. The breakthrough showcases insects as miniature biofactories for advanced material synthesis, potentially enabling eco-friendly production of custom molecular structures for electronics, energy, and pharmaceuticals.

BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

Bacteria-Repelling Coating Inspired by Flea Protein Could Prevent Medical Implant Infections: Researchers at RMIT University have developed a novel antibacterial coating based on resilin, the elastic protein that powers flea jumps. In lab tests, coatings made from resilin-mimetic proteins completely blocked bacterial attachment, including antibiotic-resistant strains like MRSA, without harming human cells. The protein’s resilience, biocompatibility, and ability to disrupt bacterial membranes without fostering resistance make it ideal for coating implants, catheters, and surgical tools. The research paves the way for new infection-prevention strategies in medical settings using eco-friendly, protein-based materials.

Breakthrough Nanoparticle System Delivers Gene Therapy Directly to Lungs:
Researchers at Oregon State University, in collaboration with OHSU and the University of Helsinki, have developed a novel nanoparticle system that delivers genetic therapies directly to the lungs (1,2). The new lung-targeting lipids safely transport mRNA and gene-editing tools to lung cells, showing effectiveness in treating lung cancer and cystic fibrosis in mice. This streamlined, customizable approach enables precise drug delivery without harmful side effects, marking a major advance in respiratory gene therapy.

Electrospun Fiber Mats Deliver Antibacterial Drug with Precision and Control:
Researchers at the Polish Academy of Sciences have developed electrospun polymer mats that deliver the antibacterial drug metronidazole in a controlled, localized manner—minimizing harmful side effects. The study demonstrates how drug-loaded nanofibers, produced using coaxial electrospinning, can release medication over several hours precisely at infected sites like oral tissues. This method holds promise for broader drug delivery applications, though the mats must be used within one month due to drug crystallization.

ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

Self-Powered CO₂ Monitoring System Uses Vibrations to Eliminate Batteries: Researchers have developed a battery-free, wireless carbon dioxide (CO₂) monitoring system that harvests ambient vibrations for power. The system features an inertia-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that converts low-frequency mechanical vibrations into electricity, enabling periodic CO₂ measurements and Bluetooth data transmission without external power. The team demonstrated stable energy generation (0.5 mW at 13 Hz), sufficient to run a CO₂ sensor. This innovation could lead to long-lasting, self-sustaining environmental monitoring platforms essential for tracking emissions and climate data.

Sodium-Enhanced Solid-State Battery Operates at Lower Pressure, Boosts Safety and Performance: Georgia Tech researchers have developed a solid-state battery using a lithium-sodium metal blend that dramatically reduces the pressure needed for operation—addressing a major barrier to adoption. The study shows that adding soft sodium metal improves contact between lithium and the solid electrolyte, enhancing stability and performance. Inspired by the biological concept of morphogenesis, the system adapts to stress at the interface, functioning efficiently under reduced pressure. The advance could lead to lighter, safer batteries with higher energy density, potentially extending electric vehicle range and consumer electronics lifespan.

Cavitation-Based Coating Enhances Magnesium Alloys for Electric Vehicles: Researchers at Tokyo Metropolitan University have developed a cost-effective liquid-based coating method using cavitation bubbles to improve the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys. The study demonstrates that cavitation-assisted chemical conversion forms thick, uniform magnesium phosphate films—significantly boosting resistance to chlorides. Unlike traditional vacuum-based coatings, this scalable approach avoids high temperatures and costs, making it ideal for reinforcing lightweight magnesium components in electric vehicles. The technique offers a practical pathway to enhance performance without the expense of full magnesium composites.

ROBOTICS, AI, HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, GADGETS

Infrared Light Beams Offer Fast, Efficient Alternative to Wi-Fi for Indoor Wireless: Researchers have developed a next-generation indoor optical wireless communication (OWC) system that uses tightly focused infrared beams to deliver fast, energy-efficient, and interference-free connections. The study introduces a “phased array within a phased array” ceiling system that dynamically targets each device with a dedicated beam of light. Smart algorithms activate only necessary emitter clusters, minimizing energy use while maximizing signal clarity and fairness. The system offers a promising replacement for traditional Wi-Fi and Bluetooth in high-density environments like offices and hospitals.

Laser-Guided Soft Robotic Arm Operates Without Wires or Electronics: Rice University researchers have developed a soft robotic arm made of light-sensitive liquid crystal elastomers that can perform tasks like obstacle navigation and ball striking—entirely powered and guided by laser beams. The robot contains no electronics or wiring; instead, precise light patterns trigger localized bending. A neural network trained on light-deformation data predicts the laser configuration needed for specific motions. The system offers real-time, programmable control with a high degree of freedom, pointing toward future applications in delicate industrial tasks and implantable medical devices.

F-TAC Robotic Hand Achieves Human-Like Dexterity with 70% Surface Tactile Sensing: Researchers have developed the F-TAC Hand, a robotic hand with tactile sensors covering 70% of its surface at 0.1 mm spatial resolution—enabling human-like grasp adaptability. Unlike traditional robots with limited touch feedback, the F-TAC Hand excels in dynamic environments using advanced perception algorithms and a generative control model. In 600 trials, it outperformed non-tactile systems in object manipulation. This breakthrough, rooted in earlier work at Queen Mary University, brings robotics closer to natural hand function, with promising applications in manufacturing, assistive tech, and human-robot interaction.

HEALTH & MEDICINE

Red Blood Cell Rupture, Not Clotting, Drives Microvascular Blockage in COVID-19: A University of Sydney–led study reveals that microvascular obstruction in COVID-19 is driven primarily by red blood cell (RBC) rupture at sites of endothelial necroptosis, not traditional clots of fibrin and platelets. Researchers found extensive RBC membrane deposits at necrotic vessel walls, particularly in the heart, liver, and kidneys, forming physical blockages independent of classical clotting pathways. Mouse models confirmed that blocking endothelial necroptosis or complement activation reduced obstructions and organ damage, but increased bleeding. These findings explain why anticoagulants often fail in COVID-19 microangiopathy and highlight new targets—MLKL, complement, or heme scavenging—for potential therapy.

High-Oleic Diet May Promote Fat Cell Growth and Obesity, Study Finds: A new study reveals that oleic acid—a monounsaturated fat abundant in olive oil—may promote obesity more than other dietary fats. Researchers found that high levels of oleic acid increased fat cell precursor proliferation in mice by enhancing AKT2 signaling and suppressing the regulatory protein LXR. This cellular expansion builds up the body’s fat-storing capacity, potentially contributing to obesity and related diseases. While oleic acid has been considered heart-healthy in moderate amounts, the study suggests excessive intake, especially in diets with limited variety, could increase obesity risk. Researchers advise consuming fats from diverse sources to avoid imbalance.

Colonoscopy Yields Support Starting Colorectal Screening at Age 45: A large cohort study by Kaiser Permanente Northern California finds that adults aged 45–49 have similar rates of advanced colorectal neoplasia as those aged 50–54 during their first screening colonoscopy. The study analyzed over 12,000 patients and showed comparable detection rates of advanced adenomas and serrated lesions between the two age groups. These findings support the 2021 recommendation to begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45, reinforcing its value without requiring new detection benchmarks for younger adults.

NEUROSCIENCE

Reelin Identified as Key Regulator of Cocaine-Responsive Brain Cells: A study led by researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham has identified the protein reelin as a marker and regulator of the small population of neurons in the nucleus accumbens activated by cocaine. These neurons, although only 10–20% of the total, play a critical role in addiction-related behavior. Using CRISPR interference to knock down reelin in rats, researchers found reduced cocaine-induced gene expression, neuronal excitability, and drug-seeking behavior. The study shows that reelin enables cocaine-sensitive neurons to respond and adapt, positioning the reelin signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for cocaine use disorder.

Teen Sleep Quality Tied to Brain Function and Behavior, Study Finds: A University of Georgia study has found that adolescents who get less and poorer quality sleep show weaker brain connectivity in regions tied to decision-making, self-control, and information processing. This reduced connectivity is linked to increased behavioral issues like impulsivity and aggression, and may raise risks for mental illnesses such as depression and ADHD. Using data from over 2,800 teens in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study, researchers found boys and minority children were particularly at risk. The findings highlight adolescence as a critical window for brain development and suggest that improving sleep could help prevent future behavioral problems.

“Krakencoder” AI Tool Unites Brain Maps to Predict Cognitive Function and Recovery: Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine have developed an AI algorithm called the Krakencoder that fuses multiple brain mapping techniques to better predict how brain structure relates to function and behavior. Using MRI data from over 700 individuals in the Human Connectome Project, Krakencoder integrated diverse structural and functional connectomes into a unified representation. This approach improved prediction of individual traits like age, sex, and cognitive performance up to 20 times more accurately than prior models. The tool could aid in identifying how brain networks drive behavior, and, when paired with a recovery-mapping system called NeMo, may help predict outcomes and guide treatments for neurological conditions like stroke.

ENVIRONMENT & EARTH SCIENCES

Global Water Crisis Deepens as Emerging Contaminants Threaten Public Health: Freshwater demand is expected to surge 55% by 2050, straining already scarce, polluted, and unequally distributed water supplies—particularly in developing countries. The study highlights the growing threat of “emerging contaminants”—unregulated pollutants like herbicides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products—found increasingly in water sources and resistant to conventional treatment. Studies from Sri Lanka, Brazil, and Bangladesh reveal toxic exposures and link contamination to chronic diseases and ecological harm. The report underscores the urgent need for regulatory frameworks, monitoring programs, and preventive policies to safeguard global water quality, now recognized as a strategic and potentially contested resource.

Canada’s Methane Emissions from Idle Wells Vastly Underestimated, Study Finds: Methane emissions from Canada’s inactive oil and gas wells may be seven times higher than official estimates, according to new research led by McGill University. The study measured emissions from 494 wells across five provinces and projected national emissions of 230 kilotonnes per year—far above the 34 kilotonnes reported in Canada’s inventory. Researchers found that unplugged gas wells account for the bulk of emissions and that provincial policy, not just geology, plays a key role. The findings call for targeted mitigation strategies and underscore the need for more accurate methane reporting to meet climate goals.

North Atlantic ‘Warming Hole’ Expected to Deepen Despite Global Climate Trends: Despite global warming, a large area between Greenland and Ireland—known as the North Atlantic warming hole—is projected to experience continued and intensified cooling. A new study finds that by 2040, weakening climate-driven winds will begin amplifying this effect by reducing ocean mixing, allowing cooler subsurface waters to dominate. This shift in ocean circulation could significantly impact weather patterns, particularly in Europe. Researchers emphasize that accounting for wind changes is crucial to improving climate models and forecasting regional climate impacts.

NATURE & ECOLOGY

How Bats Resist Cancer: New Clues from Longevity Research: A study from the University of Rochester reveals how some bat species can live up to 35 years without developing cancer. Researchers found that bats have heightened activity of the tumor-suppressor gene p53, allowing them to eliminate harmful cells effectively. They also maintain active telomerase, supporting cell regeneration, and possess strong immune systems that control inflammation and destroy cancer cells. Despite being susceptible to mutations, bats avoid cancer through these powerful defenses, offering potential insights for future human therapies.

OTHER SCIENCES & THE ARTS

First Fossilized Sauropod Gut Contents Confirm Herbivorous, Indiscriminate Diet: For the first time, researchers have discovered well-preserved gut contents in a sauropod dinosaur, confirming long-standing theories of herbivory. Found in a subadult Diamantinasaurus matildae fossil in Queensland, Australia, the cololite revealed a mix of conifers, seed ferns, and flowering plants, indicating the dinosaur was a non-selective bulk feeder. The study suggests minimal chewing and reliance on gut microbes for digestion. Surprisingly, evidence of angiosperms—flowering plants—was also present, showing sauropods adapted to newer plant groups within 40 million years of their appearance.